A serif subgroup occupying the historical and formal middle ground between Old Style Serif and Modern Serif designs, emerging in the mid-eighteenth century as advances in printing technology permitted finer typographic detail. Transitional typefaces exhibit sharper, more refined serifs, a near-vertical or fully vertical Axis / Stress, and higher stroke contrast than old style faces — yet retain enough warmth and bracketing to avoid the stark geometry of modern serifs. John Baskerville's eponymous typeface (c. 1757) is the archetype of the transitional class.